Tofu Wastewater (TWW) Treatment and Hydrogen (H2) Production by Using A Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) System
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Abstract
High organic pollutant in tofu wastewater (TWW) raises a negative impact on environmental sustainability and health. Therefore, the TWW must be treated before it is discharged into the environment. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is one of the green technologies that can be used to treat wastewater and generate hydrogen as well. This work tries to investigate the performance of MEC based on the decrement of organic pollutants in TWW. Some important parameters of organic pollutants in TWW such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solid (TS), and pH were evaluated before and after MEC operation. The results showed that the COD and BOD levels decreased around 56% and 35% while pH increased from 7.90 to 7.16. Additionally, the TSS, TDS, and TS decreased by around 35.0%, 45.5%, and 33.2%. In addition, the optimum hydrogen yield (YH2) and hydrogen production rate (QH2) were obtained at 114 ± 0.1 mL H2/g COD 360 ± 20 mL H2/L/d. Overall, the MEC system could be used to reduce the level of organic pollutants in TWW and generated H2 at the same time.
References
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Satar, I., W. R. W. Daud, B. H. Kim, M. R. Somalu, M. Ghasemi, M. H. A. Bakar, T. Jafary, and S. N. Timmiati (2018). Performance of Titanium-nickel (Ti/Ni) and Graphite Felt-nickel (GF/Ni) Electrodeposited by Ni as Alternative Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 89; 67–76
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Selembo, P. A., M. D. Merrill, and B. E. Logan (2009a). The Use of Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloys as Low-cost Cathodes in Microbial Electrolysis Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 190(2); 271–278
Selembo, P. A., J. M. Perez, W. A. Lloyd, and B. E. Logan (2009b). High Hydrogen Production from Glycerol or Glucose by Electrohydrogenesis Using Microbial Electrolysis Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(13); 5373–5381
Son, S., B. Koo, H. Chai, H. V. H. Tran, S. Pandit, and S. P. Jung (2021). Comparison of Hydrogen Production and System Performance in A Microbial Electrolysis Cell Containing Cathodes Made of Non-platinum Catalysts and Binders. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40; 101844
Wulan, D. R., U. Hamidah, A. Komarulzaman, R. T. Rosmalina, and N. Sintawardani (2022). Domestic Wastewater in Indonesia: Generation, Characteristics and Treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(22); 32397–32414
Xu, M., Y. Zhang, S. Cao, Y. Li, J. Wang, H. Dong, and Y. Wang (2023). A simulated Toxic Assessment of Cesium on the Blue Mussel Mytilus Edulis Provides Evidence for the Potential Impacts of Nuclear Wastewater Discharge on Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 316; 120458
Ye, M. and Y. Y. Li (2023). Methanogenic Treatment of Dairy Wastewater: A Review of Current Obstacles and New Technological Perspectives. Science of The Total Environment; 161447
Bora, A., K. Mohanrasu, T. A. Swetha, V. Ananthi, R. Sindhu, N. T. L. Chi, A. Pugazhendhi, A. Arun, and T. Mathimani (2022). Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC): Reactor Configurations, Recent Advances and Strategies in Biohydrogen Production. Fuel, 328; 125269
Call, D. and B. E. Logan (2008). Hydrogen Production in A Single Chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell Lacking A Membrane. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(9); 3401–3406
Carmona-Mart´?nez, A. A., E. Trably, K. Milferstedt, R. Lacroix, L. Etcheverry, and N. Bernet (2015). Longterm Continuous Production of H2 in A Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) Treating Saline Wastewater. Water Research, 81; 149–156
Chae, K.-J., M.-J. Choi, K.-Y. Kim, F. Ajayi, I.-S. Chang, and I. S. Kim (2010). Selective Inhibition of Methanogens for the Improvement of Biohydrogen Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35(24); 13379–13386
Cloete, S., O. Ruhnau, J. H. Cloete, and L. Hirth (2022). Blue Hydrogen and Industrial Base Products: The Future of Fossil Fuel Exporters in A Net-zero World. Journal of Cleaner Production, 363; 132347
Gautam, R., J. K. Nayak, N. V. Ress, R. S. Wilckens, and U. K. Ghosh (2022). Bio-hydrogen Production Through Microbial Electrolysis Cell: Structural Components and Influencing Factors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 455; 140535
Greenstone, M. and Q. Fan (2019). Indonesia’s Worsening Air Quality and its Impact on Life Expectancy. Air Quality Life Index ; 1–10
Igwe, P., C. Chukwudi, F. Ifenatuorah, I. Fagbeja, and C. Okeke (2017). A Review of Environmental Effects of Surface Water Pollution. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 4(2); 128–137
Istiqomah, N. and N. Marleni (2020). Particulate Air Pollution in Indonesia: Quality Index, Characteristic, and Source Identification. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 599(1); 012084
Kadier, A., M. S. Kalil, K. Chandrasekhar, G. Mohanakrishna, G. D. Saratale, R. G. Saratale, G. Kumar, A. Pugazhendhi, and P. Sivagurunathan (2018). Surpassing the Current Limitations of High Purity H2 Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MECs): Strategies for Inhibiting Growth of Methanogens. Bioelectrochemistry, 119; 211–219
Lelieveld, J., K. Klingm¨uller, A. Pozzer, R. Burnett, A. Haines, and V. Ramanathan (2019). Effects of Fossil Fuel and Total Anthropogenic Emission Removal on Public Health and Climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(15); 7192–7197
Lin, L., H. Yang, and X. Xu (2022). Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A Review. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10; 1–16
Manisalidis, I., E. Stavropoulou, A. Stavropoulos, and E. Bezirtzoglou (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(14); 1–13
Meshram, R. and S. K. Jadhav (2017). Bioelectricity Production and Comparative Evaluation of Electrode Materials in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Indigenous Anode-Reducing Bacterial Community from Wastewater of Rice-Based Industries. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1); 83–92
Park, S. G., P. Rajesh, Y. U. Sim, D. A. Jadhav, M. T. Noori, D. H. Kim, S. Y. Al Qaradawi, E. Yang, J. K. Jang, and K. J. Chae (2022). Addressing Scale-up Challenges and Enhancement in Performance of Hydrogen-producing Microbial Electrolysis Cell through Electrode Modifications. Energy Reports, 8; 2726–2746
Peraturan Daerah DIY (2016). Peraturan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah. Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta (in Indonesia)
Rachmawati, A. Y. and T. Wardiyati (2018). Pengaruh pH Tanah dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Warna Bunga Hortensia (Hydrangea macrophylla). Plantropica: Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1); 23–29 (in Indonesia)
Ribot-Llobet, E., J.-Y. Nam, J. C. Tokash, A. Guisasola, and B. E. Logan (2013). Assessment of Four Different Cathode Materials at Different Initial pHs Using Unbuffered Catholytes in Microbial Electrolysis Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(7); 2951–2956
Satar, I., M. H. Abu Bakar, W. R. Wan Daud, N. H. Mohd Yasin, M. R. Somalu, and B. H. Kim (2020a). Feasibility of Ni/Ti and Ni/GF Cathodes in Microbial Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production from Fermentation Effluent: A Step Toward Real Application. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(9); 7464–7476
Satar, I., M. H. A. Bakar, W. R. W. Daud, N. H. M. Yasin, M. R. Somalu, and B. H. Kim (2020b). Performance of Nickel-iron Foam (Ni-Fe) Cathode in Bio-electrochemical System for Hydrogen Production from Effluent of Glucose Fermentation. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 260; 114613
Satar, I., W. R. W. Daud, B. H. Kim, M. R. Somalu, M. Ghasemi, M. H. A. Bakar, T. Jafary, and S. N. Timmiati (2018). Performance of Titanium-nickel (Ti/Ni) and Graphite Felt-nickel (GF/Ni) Electrodeposited by Ni as Alternative Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 89; 67–76
Satar, I., A. Permadi, and S. Latifatunnajib (2021). Microbial Enrichment Process in the Anode of Microbial Fuel Cell System Using Tofu Wastewater (Tww) Anaerobic Sludge. Ecotrophic, 15(2); 204–212
Selembo, P. A., M. D. Merrill, and B. E. Logan (2009a). The Use of Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloys as Low-cost Cathodes in Microbial Electrolysis Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 190(2); 271–278
Selembo, P. A., J. M. Perez, W. A. Lloyd, and B. E. Logan (2009b). High Hydrogen Production from Glycerol or Glucose by Electrohydrogenesis Using Microbial Electrolysis Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(13); 5373–5381
Son, S., B. Koo, H. Chai, H. V. H. Tran, S. Pandit, and S. P. Jung (2021). Comparison of Hydrogen Production and System Performance in A Microbial Electrolysis Cell Containing Cathodes Made of Non-platinum Catalysts and Binders. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40; 101844
Wulan, D. R., U. Hamidah, A. Komarulzaman, R. T. Rosmalina, and N. Sintawardani (2022). Domestic Wastewater in Indonesia: Generation, Characteristics and Treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(22); 32397–32414
Xu, M., Y. Zhang, S. Cao, Y. Li, J. Wang, H. Dong, and Y. Wang (2023). A simulated Toxic Assessment of Cesium on the Blue Mussel Mytilus Edulis Provides Evidence for the Potential Impacts of Nuclear Wastewater Discharge on Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 316; 120458
Ye, M. and Y. Y. Li (2023). Methanogenic Treatment of Dairy Wastewater: A Review of Current Obstacles and New Technological Perspectives. Science of The Total Environment; 161447
Authors
Satar, I., Sirajuddin, M. M. ., Permadi, A. ., & Latifatunnajib, S. . (2023). Tofu Wastewater (TWW) Treatment and Hydrogen (H2) Production by Using A Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) System. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 7(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2023.7.1.13-19
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