Effective Ammonia Removal from Hospital Wastewater by Using a Combination of Filtrations and Bio-Adsorbent from Tea Waste
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Keywords:
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Adsorption, Ammonia, Tea Waste, Medical Liquid Waste, Nanofiltration
Abstract
Hospital wastewater contains a high concentration of ammonia that exceed the predetermined quality standards and can cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, the treatment of hospital wastewater is required prior to being released to the environment. Effective ammonia removal process has been developed by using a combination of sponge filtration pretreatment, followed by adsorption using activated carbon from waste of tea leaves, and nanofiltration using ceramic membrane as the final process. Experiment results show the highest effectiveness of ammonia removal of 70% by using filtration only. Effectiveness is increases up to 95% by a combination of filtration and adsorption. A maximum effectiveness of 100% is achieved when using a combination of filtration, adsorption, and nanofiltration. This combination produces an optimal condition for the ammonia removal by using 3 L/min flowrate, adsorbent mass 140 g, and operating time 15 minutes at which the ammonia concentration is 0.08 mg/L. This concentration is below the standard of allowable ammonia concentration of 0.1 mg/L.
References
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Oatley-Radcliffe, D. L., M. Walters, T. J. Ainscough, P. M. Williams, A. W. Mohammad, and N. Hilal (2017). Nanofiltration Membranes and Processes: A Review of Research Trends over the Past Decade. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 19; 164–171
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Ren, Z., B. Jia, G. Zhang, X. Fu, Z. Wang, P. Wang, and L. Lv (2021). Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitrogen by Iron-Loaded Activated Carbon from Low Temperature Wastewater. Chemosphere, 262; 127895
Söderlind, N. (2020). Wet Oxidation and Nanofiltration of HTC Separation of Organic Matter. Degree Project in Bioresource Technique Engineering. Examiner: Tomas Hedlund, Supervisor: Stina Jansson, Gunnar Westin, Passed: 2020-06-04
Song, X., X. Ma, Y. Li, L. Ding, and R. Jiang (2019). Tea Waste Derived Microporous Active Carbon with Enhanced Double-Layer Supercapacitor Behaviors. Applied Surface Science, 487; 189–197
Uddin, M. T., M. A. Islam, S. Mahmud, and M. Rukanuzzaman (2009). Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue by Tea Waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(1); 53–60
Yang, Z., Y. Zhou, Z. Feng, X. Rui, T. Zhang, and Z. Zhang (2019). A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification. Polymers, 11(8); 1–22
Zhang, P., W. Wang, Z. Kou, B. Wang, and X. Zhong (2021). Low-Cost and Advanced Symmetry Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Tea Waste of Porous Carbon Nanosheets. Materials Technology, 36(1); 1–10
Zhang, X., J. Li, S. Yan, R. D. Tyagi, and J. Chen (2020). Physical, Chemical, and Biological Impact (Hazard) of Hospital Wastewater on Environment: Presence of Pharmaceuticals, Pathogens, and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes.
Zhou, J., A. Luo, and Y. Zhao (2018). Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Waste Tea by Physical Activation Using Steam. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 68(12); 1269–1277
Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K. and R. A. Williams (2007). Tea Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Cu and Pb from Wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 132(1–3); 299–309
Arola, K., B. Van der Bruggen, M. M¨antt¨ari, and M. Kallioinen (2019). Treatment Options for Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Concentrates from Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 49(22); 2049–2116
Celebi, H., G. G¨ok, and O. G¨ok (2020). Adsorption Capability of Brewed Tea Waste in Waters Containing Toxic Lead(II), Cadmium(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Heavy Metal Ions. Scientific Reports, 10(1); 1–12
Cheng, H., Q. Zhu, and Z. Xing (2019). Adsorption of Ammonia Nitrogen in Low Temperature Domestic Wastewater by Modification Bentonite. Journal of Cleaner Production, 233; 720–730
Dey, S., N. Haripavan, S. R. Basha, and G. V. Babu (2021). Removal of Ammonia and Nitrates from Contaminated Water by Using Solid Waste Bio-Adsorbents. Current Research in Chemical Biology, 1; 100005
Duran, C., D. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, M. Imamoglu, and H. B. Senturk (2011). Tea-Industry Waste Activated Carbon, as a Novel Adsorbent, for Separation, Preconcentration and Speciation of Chromium. Analytica Chimica Acta, 688(1); 75–83
Edwards, T. M., H. J. Puglis, D. B. Kent, J. L. Dur´an, L. M. Bradshaw, and A. M. Farag (2024). Ammonia and Aquatic Ecosystems – A Review of Global Sources, Biogeochemical Cycling, and Effects on Fish. Science of the Total Environment, 907; 167911
Huang, J., N. R. Kankanamge, C. Chow, D. T. Welsh, T. Li, and P. R. Teasdale (2018). Removing Ammonium from Water and Wastewater Using Cost-Effective Adsorbents: A Review. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 63; 174–197
Inkson, B. J. (2016). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for Materials Characterization. In Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods. Elsevier Ltd.
Jain, S. N., S. R. Tamboli, D. S. Sutar, S. R. Jadhav, J. V. Marathe, A. A. Shaikh, and A. A. Prajapati (2020). Batch and Continuous Studies for Adsorption of Anionic Dye onto Waste Tea Residue: Kinetic, Equilibrium, Breakthrough and Reusability Studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252; 119778
Kabir, M. M., S. S. P. Mouna, S. Akter, S. Khandaker, M. Didar-ul Alam, N. M. Bahadur, M. Mohinuzzaman, M. A. Islam, and M. A. Shenashen (2021). Tea Waste Based Natural Adsorbent for Toxic Pollutant Removal from Waste Samples. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 322; 115012
Katha, P. S., Z. Ahmed, R. Alam, B. Saha, A. Acharjee, and M. S. Rahman (2021). Efficiency Analysis of Eggshell and Tea Waste as Low Cost Adsorbents for Cr Removal from Wastewater Sample. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 37; 186–195
Khan, M. T., I. A. Shah, I. Ihsanullah, M. Naushad, S. Ali, S. H. A. Shah, and A. W. Mohammad (2021). Hospital Wastewater as a Source of Environmental Contamination: An Overview of Management Practices, Environmental Risks, and Treatment Processes. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 41; 101990
Madrakian, T., A. Afkhami, and M. Ahmadi (2012). Adsorption and Kinetic Studies of Seven Different Organic Dyes onto Magnetite Nanoparticles Loaded Tea Waste and Removal of Them from Wastewater Samples. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 99; 102–109
Mariah, M. A. A., K. Rovina, J. M. Vonnie, and K. H. Erna (2023). Characterization of Activated Carbon from Waste Tea (Camellia sinensis) Using Chemical Activation for Removal of Methylene Blue and Cadmium Ions. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 44; 113–122
Meo, M. I., S. Haydar, O. Nadeem, G. Hussain, and H. Rashid (2014). Characterization of Hospital Wastewater, Risk Waste Generation and Management Practices in Lahore. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 51(4); 317
Mouni, L., L. Belkhiri, J. C. Bollinger, A. Bouzaza, A. Assadi, A. Tirri, F. Dahmoune, K. Madani, and H. Remini (2018). Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Kaolin: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies. Applied Clay Science, 153; 38–45
Nsi, E. W., A. E. Akpakpan, I. O. Ekwere, and D. P. Udoh (2017). Equilibrium and Isotherm Studies on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green by Activated Carbon Prepared from Irvingia aabonensis Seed Shells. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, 4(5); 72–77
Oatley-Radcliffe, D. L., M. Walters, T. J. Ainscough, P. M. Williams, A. W. Mohammad, and N. Hilal (2017). Nanofiltration Membranes and Processes: A Review of Research Trends over the Past Decade. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 19; 164–171
Pinem, J. A., I. Tumanggor, and E. Saputra (2020). The Application of Nanofiltration Membrane for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment by Adding Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) as Coagulant. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 15(1); 1–9
Radjenovic, J., M. Petrovic, F. Ventura, and D. Barceló (2008). Rejection of Pharmaceuticals in Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Drinking Water Treatment. Water Research, 42(14); 3601–3610
Ren, Z., B. Jia, G. Zhang, X. Fu, Z. Wang, P. Wang, and L. Lv (2021). Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitrogen by Iron-Loaded Activated Carbon from Low Temperature Wastewater. Chemosphere, 262; 127895
Söderlind, N. (2020). Wet Oxidation and Nanofiltration of HTC Separation of Organic Matter. Degree Project in Bioresource Technique Engineering. Examiner: Tomas Hedlund, Supervisor: Stina Jansson, Gunnar Westin, Passed: 2020-06-04
Song, X., X. Ma, Y. Li, L. Ding, and R. Jiang (2019). Tea Waste Derived Microporous Active Carbon with Enhanced Double-Layer Supercapacitor Behaviors. Applied Surface Science, 487; 189–197
Uddin, M. T., M. A. Islam, S. Mahmud, and M. Rukanuzzaman (2009). Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue by Tea Waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(1); 53–60
Yang, Z., Y. Zhou, Z. Feng, X. Rui, T. Zhang, and Z. Zhang (2019). A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification. Polymers, 11(8); 1–22
Zhang, P., W. Wang, Z. Kou, B. Wang, and X. Zhong (2021). Low-Cost and Advanced Symmetry Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Tea Waste of Porous Carbon Nanosheets. Materials Technology, 36(1); 1–10
Zhang, X., J. Li, S. Yan, R. D. Tyagi, and J. Chen (2020). Physical, Chemical, and Biological Impact (Hazard) of Hospital Wastewater on Environment: Presence of Pharmaceuticals, Pathogens, and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes.
Zhou, J., A. Luo, and Y. Zhao (2018). Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Waste Tea by Physical Activation Using Steam. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 68(12); 1269–1277
Authors
Ariani, S., Nasir, S., & Melwita, . E. (2024). Effective Ammonia Removal from Hospital Wastewater by Using a Combination of Filtrations and Bio-Adsorbent from Tea Waste. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 8(4), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.4.145-153
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