Recalcitrant Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation: A Comparison Study
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Keywords:
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Fenton, Organic, Photo-Fenton, Recalcitrant, Wastewater
Abstract
The growth rate in agro-industrial sectors has both positive and negative effects on technological, social, and economic development. Agro-industry production generates substantial volumes of wastewater, primarily from the aqueous discharges of its manufacturing processes. Some of this wastewater contains harmful pollutants that endanger human life, health, and the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem. For example, wastewater from the bioethanol industry contains high concentrations of organic pollutants and recalcitrant compounds, with COD and BOD values exceeding 50,000 mg/L and 30,000 mg/L, respectively. The Fenton process is an oxidation method that generates hydroxyl radicals through the reaction between H2O2 and Fe2+ ions. These hydroxyl radicals are highly effective at breaking down recalcitrant compounds. In this study, a comparative analysis of recalcitrant wastewater treatment using Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation processes was conducted. The effects of dilution factors, or initial concentrations of recalcitrant wastewater (1:25, 1:50, and 1:75), were examined. Higher dilution ratios enhanced the degradation of COD and BOD levels in wastewater, with the optimal dilution factor for both processes being 1:75. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies for COD, BOD, potassium, and phenol were in the range of 72.29-99.99%. The photo-Fenton process demonstrated higher removal efficiency compared to the Fenton process. The conclusion from this study suggests that the photo-Fenton process could be successfully employed as an advanced treatment method for effectively breaking down recalcitrant wastewater. These findings could be useful for adapting these processes to field-scale applications.
References
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Arbter, P., N. Widderich, T. Utesch, Y. Hong, and A.-P. Zeng (2022). Control of Redox Potential in a Novel Continuous Bioelectrochemical System Led to Remarkable Metabolic and Energetic Responses of Clostridium Pasteurianum Grown on Glycerol. Microbial Cell Factories, 21(1); 178.
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Behrouzeh, M., M. Parivazh, E. Danesh, M. Dianat, M. Abbasi, S. Osfouri, A. Rostami, M. Sillanpää, M. Dibaj, and M. Akrami (2022). Application of Photo-Fenton, Electro-Fenton, and Photo-Electro-Fenton Processes for the Treatment of DMSO and DMAC Wastewaters. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(11); 104229.
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Bolobajev, J., E. Kattel, M. Viisimaa, A. Goi, M. Trapido, T. Tenno, and N. Dulova (2014). Reuse of Ferric Sludge as an Iron Source for the Fenton-Based Process in Wastewater Treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 255; 8–13.
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Ahmed, M., M. Mavukkandy, A. Giwa, M. Elektorowicz, M. Katsou, O. Khelifi, V. Naddeo, and S. Hasan (2022). Recent Developments in Hazardous Pollutants Removal from Wastewater and Water Reuse Within a Circular Economy. Npj Clean Water, 5(1); 12.
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Aziz, A., P. Asaithambi, and W. Wan Daud (2016). Combination of Electrocoagulation with Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Distillery Industrial Effluent. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 99; 227–235.
Behrouzeh, M., M. Parivazh, E. Danesh, M. Dianat, M. Abbasi, S. Osfouri, A. Rostami, M. Sillanpää, M. Dibaj, and M. Akrami (2022). Application of Photo-Fenton, Electro-Fenton, and Photo-Electro-Fenton Processes for the Treatment of DMSO and DMAC Wastewaters. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(11); 104229.
Biddinika, M., D. Hakika, I. Amal, and D. Fatra (2024). Removal of Organic Pollutants from Sugarcane Stillage Using UV-Assisted Fenton Process. In E3S Web of Conferences, volume 503, page 04003.
Biragova, N., N. Tinikashvili, and T. Dmitrieva (2020). Wastewater Treatment for Food Processing Industries. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 459, page 042023.
Bolobajev, J., E. Kattel, M. Viisimaa, A. Goi, M. Trapido, T. Tenno, and N. Dulova (2014). Reuse of Ferric Sludge as an Iron Source for the Fenton-Based Process in Wastewater Treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 255; 8–13.
Ahile, U., R. Wuana, A. Itodo, R. Sha’Ato, and R. Dantas (2020). A Review on the Use of Chelating Agents as an Alternative to Promote Photo-Fenton at Neutral pH: Current Trends, Knowledge Gap and Future Studies. Science of the Total Environment, 710; 134872.
Ahmed, M., M. Mavukkandy, A. Giwa, M. Elektorowicz, M. Katsou, O. Khelifi, V. Naddeo, and S. Hasan (2022). Recent Developments in Hazardous Pollutants Removal from Wastewater and Water Reuse Within a Circular Economy. Npj Clean Water, 5(1); 12.
Al-Balushi, M., N. Lakkimsetty, M. Varghese, M. Lakavat, P. Reddy, and S. Gandi (2023). Evaluating the Solar Photo-Fenton as Photocatalyst Process by Response Surface Methodology to Treat the Saline Water. Materials Today: Proceedings, 80(Part 3); 2716.
Alcalá-Delgado, A., V. Lugo-Lugo, I. Linares-Hernández, V. Martínez-Miranda, R. Fuentes-Rivas, and F. Ureña Nuñez (2018). Industrial Wastewater Treated by Galvanic, Galvanic Fenton, and Hydrogen Peroxide Systems. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 22; 1–12.
Ali, K., A. Jawad, and S. Ibrahim (2013). Experimental Investigation of Minimum Fluidization Velocity in Three Phase Inverse Fluidized Bed System. Engineering and Technology Journal, 31(6); 31.
Arbter, P., N. Widderich, T. Utesch, Y. Hong, and A.-P. Zeng (2022). Control of Redox Potential in a Novel Continuous Bioelectrochemical System Led to Remarkable Metabolic and Energetic Responses of Clostridium Pasteurianum Grown on Glycerol. Microbial Cell Factories, 21(1); 178.
Aziz, A., P. Asaithambi, and W. Wan Daud (2016). Combination of Electrocoagulation with Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Distillery Industrial Effluent. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 99; 227–235.
Behrouzeh, M., M. Parivazh, E. Danesh, M. Dianat, M. Abbasi, S. Osfouri, A. Rostami, M. Sillanpää, M. Dibaj, and M. Akrami (2022). Application of Photo-Fenton, Electro-Fenton, and Photo-Electro-Fenton Processes for the Treatment of DMSO and DMAC Wastewaters. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(11); 104229.
Biddinika, M., D. Hakika, I. Amal, and D. Fatra (2024). Removal of Organic Pollutants from Sugarcane Stillage Using UV-Assisted Fenton Process. In E3S Web of Conferences, volume 503, page 04003.
Biragova, N., N. Tinikashvili, and T. Dmitrieva (2020). Wastewater Treatment for Food Processing Industries. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 459, page 042023.
Bolobajev, J., E. Kattel, M. Viisimaa, A. Goi, M. Trapido, T. Tenno, and N. Dulova (2014). Reuse of Ferric Sludge as an Iron Source for the Fenton-Based Process in Wastewater Treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 255; 8–13.
Buthiyappan, A. and A. Raman (2019). Energy Intensified Integrated Advanced Oxidation Technology for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Industrial Wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206; 1025–1040.
Carbajo, J., M. Silveira, G. Pliego, J. Zazo, and J. Casas (2021). Increasing Photo-Fenton Process Efficiency: The Effect of High Temperatures. Separation and Purification Technology, 271; 118876.
De La Obra, I., B. Esteban García, J. García Sánchez, J. Casas López, and J. Sánchez Pérez (2017). Low Cost UVA-LED as a Radiation Source for the Photo-Fenton Process: A New Approach for Micropollutant Removal from Urban Wastewater. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 16(1); 72–78.
Dogan, E., O. Kilicoglu, A. Narci, B. Mert, E. Durna, U. Akbacak, and C. Aydiner (2021). Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes Integrated with Submerged Ultrafiltration for the Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9; 105878.
Dutta, D., S. Arya, and S. Kumar (2021). Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Current Trends, Bottlenecks, and Best Practices. Chemosphere, 285; 131245.
Galvão, S., A. Mota, D. Silva, J. Moraes, C. Nascimento, and O. Chiavone-Filho (2006). Application of the Photo-Fenton Process to the Treatment of Wastewaters Contaminated with Diesel. The Science of the Total Environment, 367(1); 42–49.
García, C. and G. Hodaifa (2017). Real Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Treatment by Photo-Fenton System Using Artificial Ultraviolet Light Lamps. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162; 743–753.
Ghazzaf, H., B. Nechchadi, A. Jouali, A. Salhi, M. El Krati, and S. Tahiri (2022). Synthesis of Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst from Iron Rust and Its Application to Degradation of Acid Red 97 in Aqueous Medium. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(3); 107570.
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Authors
Wijayanti, K. A. ., Hakika, D. C., Setyawan, M., Suhendra, Amal, I. ., & Biddinika, M. K. (2024). Recalcitrant Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation: A Comparison Study. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 8(3), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.3.100-109
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