Assessment of Changes in Water Quality of Enim River, Muara Enim, South Sumatera, Indonesia to Determine Environmental Designations
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Abstract
Enim river flows within several sub-districts in Muara Enim Regency, including Semendo Darat Laut, Semendo Darat Tengah, Semendo Darat Ulu, Tanjung Agung, Lawang Kidul, and Muara Enim. This study examines changes in the water quality of the Enim River due to domestic wastewater discharges and the presence of the coal mining industry and household industries. Water samples were taken from 4 sampling stations along the Enim River in 2018 and 2023. Data consisted of results of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. The status of river water quality was assessed from the pollution index. The results of Enim River surface water quality measurements showed that the parameters of total suspended solids, Dissolved Oxygen, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), oil, and grease concentrations had breached the criteria set for Class II water quality, referring to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results showed that there has been a change in the water quality status of Enim River from 2018 to 2023. The river water pollution index was (1.43-2.47) in 2018 and (1.49-3.85) in 2023 (lightly polluted). Comprehensive water treatment and preventive measures are necessary to manage and mitigate additional pollution in the Enim River.
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Anderson, E. P., S. Jackson, R. E. Tharme, M. Douglas, J. E. Flotemersch, M. Zwarteveen, C. Lokgariwar, M. Montoya, A. Wali, G. T. Tipa, T. D. Jardine, J. D. Olden, L. Cheng, J. Conallin, B. Cosens, C. Dickens, D. Garrick, D. Groenfeldt, and J. Kabogo (2019). Understanding Rivers and Their Social Relations: A Critical Step to Advance Environmental Water Management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 6(6); 1–21
Anh, N. T., L. D. Can, N. T. Nhan, B. Schmalz, and T. L. Luu (2023). Influences of Key Factors on River Water Quality in Urban and Rural Areas: A Review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 8(July); 100424
Arum, S. P. I., D. Harisuseno, and Soemarno (2019). Domestic Wastewater Contribution to Water Quality of Brantas River at Dinoyo Urban Village, Malang City. J-Pal, 10(2); 2087–3522
Aydin, H., F. Ustao?glu, Y. Tepe, and E. N. Soylu (2021). Assessment of Water Quality of Streams in Northeast Turkey by Water Quality Index and Multiple Statistical Methods. Environmental forensics, 22(1-2); 270–287
Bashir, I., F. Lone, R. Bhat, M. S.A, Z. Dar, and S. Dar (2020). Bioremediation and Biotechnology, chapter Concerns and Threats of Contamination on Aquatic Ecosystems. Springer, pages 1-26
Bhat, R., B. Beigh, S. Mir, S. Dar, M. Dervash, A. Rashid, and R. Lone (2018). Biopesticide Techniques to Remediate Pesticides in Polluted Ecosystems. In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation. IGI Global, pages 387–407
Bhosale, N., B. Ghodake, and V. T. Gaikwad (2019). Performance Evaluation of Water Treatment Plant at Miraj City. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 8(11); 586–592
Buwono, N. R., Y. Risjani, and A. Soegianto (2021). Distribution of Microplastic in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in the Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 24; 101915
Datta, S., D. Sinha, V. Chaudhary, S. Kar, and A. Singh (2021). Water Pollution of Wetlands. In Handbook of Research on Monitoring and Evaluating the Ecological Health of Wetlands. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge, pages 27–50
Dewata, I. and Z. Adri (2018). Water Quality Assessment and Determining the Carrying Capacity of Pollution Load Batang Kuranji River. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, volume 335. IOP Publishing, page 012027
Ding, J., Y. Jiang, L. Fu, Q. Liu, Q. Peng, and M. Kang (2015). Impacts of Land Use on Surface Water Quality in a Subtropical River Basin: A Case Study of the Dongjiang River Basin, Southeastern China. Water (Switzerland), 7(8); 4427–4445
Duncan, A. E., J. Oti, and M. E. Potakey (2019). Impacts of Human Activities on the Quality of River Water: A Case Study of River Densu in Nsawam Adoagyiri of the Akwapim South District, Eastern Region of Ghana. OALib, 06(12); 1–13
Ingrao, C., R. Strippoli, G. Lagioia, and D. Huisingh (2023). Water Scarcity in Agriculture: An Overview of Causes, Impacts and Approaches for Reducing the Risks. Heliyon, 9(8); e18507
Kelley, C. D., A. Krolick, L. Brunner, A. Burklund, D. Kahn, W. P. Ball, and M. Weber-Shirk (2014). An Affordable Open-Source Turbidimeter. Sensors (Switzerland), 14(4); 7142–7155
Kumar, N., A. Kumar, B. M. Marwein, D. K. I. J. Verma, A. Kumar, and D. Ramamoorthy (2021). Agricultural Activities Causing Water Pollution and Its Mitigation – A Review. International Journal of Modern Agriculture, 10(1); 590–609
Lin, L., H. Yang, and X. Xu (2022). Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A Review. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(June); 880246
Malik, D. S., A. K. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, R. Thakur, and M. Sharma (2020). A Review on Impact of Water Pollution on Freshwater Fish Species and Their Aquatic Environment. In Advances in Environmental Pollution Management: Wastewater Impacts and Treatment Technologies. pages 10–28
Maulud, K. N. A., A. Fitri, W. H. M. Wan Mohtar, W. S. Wan Mohd Jaafar, N. Z. Zuhairi, and M. K. A. Kamarudin (2021). A Study of Spatial and Water Quality Index During Dry and Rainy Seasons at Kelantan River Basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(2); 129–131
Nienie, A. B., P. Sivalingam, A. Laffite, P. Ngelinkoto, J. P. Otamonga, A. Matand, C. K. Mulaji, J. I. Mubedi, P. T. Mpiana, and J. Pot´e (2017). Seasonal Variability of Water Quality by Physicochemical Indexes and Traceable Metals in Suburban Area in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(2); 158–165
Omer, N. H. (2020). Water Quality Parameters. In Water Quality Parameters Science Assessments and Policy. Sudan University for Science and Technology, pages 1–18
Plessis, A. (2022). Commentary Persistent Degradation: Global Water Quality Challenges and Required Actions. One Earth, 5(2); 129–131
Pramilus, Y., E. Barlian, and I. Umar (2024). Study of Carrying Capacity and Capacity of Lawai River and Kiahan River, Muara Enim Regency. In AIP Conference Proceedings. page 080007
Siemek, S., O. Kucher, and K. Eshleman (2023). Costs of Reducing Nutrients from Riparian Buffers in Western Maryland. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 55(2); 99–416
Swanson, S., D. Kozlowski, R. Hall, D. Heggem, and J. Lin (2017). Riparian Proper Functioning Condition Assessment to Improve Watershed Management for Water Quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 72(2); 168–182
Tampubolon, F. R. S., A. S. Yuwono, A. H. Tambunan, and N. A. Achsani (2022). Process of Life Cycle Installation of Wastewater Treatment and up to Water Reuse. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 21(1); 111–118
Uddin, M. J. and Y. K. Jeong (2021). Urban River Pollution in Bangladesh During Last 40 Years: Potential Public Health and Ecological Risk, Present Policy, and Future Prospects Toward Smart Water Management. Heliyon, 7(2); e06107
UNESCO (2021). The Global Water Quality Challenge & SDGs. https://en.unesco.org/waterquality-iiwq/wq-challenge
Authors
Sinaga, A. P. ., Ibrahim, E. ., & Hadiah, . F. . (2024). Assessment of Changes in Water Quality of Enim River, Muara Enim, South Sumatera, Indonesia to Determine Environmental Designations. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 8(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.2.63-70
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