Assessment of Seasonal Variations of Air Quality and AQI Status: Evidence from Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Keywords:
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Air Quality Index, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, Wind Rose
Abstract
With the rate of fast urbanization, the devasting effects of air pollution are spreading across the globe. Due to its connection to people’s health, air quality should be given more importance than other environmental measures. Air pollution is considered a cause of many human diseases. Therefore, this study intends to investigate seasonal variation of air quality and “Air Quality Index (AQI)” in Chittagong city due to its volume, large population density, and importance as a commercial capital city of Bangladesh. Air pollution data on PM10, PM2.5, NO2 , NOx, SOx, CO, and O3 levels have been collected from TV station, Khulshi Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS). Component-specific analyzers have been used to continuously measure trace gases where O3 is observed with a UV photometric analyzer. This study detect the highest peak (PM2.5= 93.5 µg/m3, PM10= 210 µg/m3) in January and the lowest concentrations (PM2.5= 14.6 µg/m3 and PM10= 26.9 µg/m3 ) during July and August. The highest average concentration has been recorded as the value of SO2= 12.8 ppb (monsoon season), NO2= 64.9 ppb (pre-monsoon), CO= 1.2 ppm (monsoon) and lowest SO2= 3.2 ppb (winter season), NO2= 24.4 ppb (monsoon), CO= 0.6 ppm (pre-monsoon) respectively. The AQI values (223.6), (109.5), (194.5), and (317.3) indicate that the air quality during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter season is very unhealthy, cautious, unhealthy, and extremely unhealthy, respectively.
References
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Rouf MA, Hasib HH and Nasiruddin M (2008). Studies on smoke opacity of different type of diesel vehicle in Dhaka City. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4): 655-666
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Ahmmed, K. M., Tanvir, and D. A. Begum (2010). Air pollution aspects of Dhaka city. Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh (ICEAB10), Japan. pp. 129
Azad, A. K. and T. Kitada, (1998). Characteristics of the air pollution in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh in winter. Atmospheric Environment, 32, 1991
Begum, B. A., E. Kim, S. K. Biswas, and P. K. Hopke (2004). Investigation on sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and semi-urban areas in Bangladesh. Atmospheric Environment, 38; 3025-3038
Begum B. A., E. Kim, S. K. Biswas, and P. K. Hopke (2006). Impact of banning two-stroke engine on airborne particulate matter concentrations in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56(1); 85-89
Begum, B. A., M. Saroar, M. Nasiruddin, and S. K. Biswas (2012). Gound-Level Concentration of Ozone in Ambient Air in Chittagong City. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 47(1); 83-88
Begum, B. A., S. K. Biswas, M. Nasiruddin, A. M. Showkot Hossain, and P. K. Hopke (2009). Source identification of Chittagong aerosol by receptor modeling. Environmental Engineering Science, 26(3); 679-689
BP P. L. C. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016. London, UK: BP p.l.c. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energyeconomics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar. 2017 (2016)
Brandon, C. (1997). Economic valuation of air and water pollution in Bangladesh. Workshop Discussion Draft, The World Bank, Washington D. C.
CAI-Asia, "Estimating the Health Impact of Air Pollution: Methodology and an Application to Jakarta", available at http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/ articles-58255_resource_5.pdf, accessed on August, 2009
CASE (Clean Air and Sustainable Environment) (2016). Air Quality Status and Trends: 2013-2015. Department of Environment: Clean Air and Sustainable Environment Project. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Environment and Forest
Chakraborty, A., T. Gupta, and S. N. Tripathi (2016). Chemical composition and characteristics of ambient aerosols and rainwater residues during Indian summer monsoon: Insight from aerosol mass spectrometry. Atmospheric Environment, 136; 144–155
Chelani, A. B., C. V. C. Rao, K. M. Phadke, and M. Z. Hasan (2002). Prediction of sulphur dioxide concentration using artificial neural networks. Environmental Modeling Software, 17; 161–8
Chueinta, W., P.K. Hopke, and P. Paatero (2000). Investigation of source of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residensial areas in Thailand. Atmospheric Environment, 34; 3319
Cogliani, E. (2001). Air pollution forecast in cities by an air pollution index highly correlated with metrological variables. Atmospheric Environment, 35; 2871–7
Farahat, A., H. El-Askary, and A. Al-Shaibani (2015). Study of aerosols' characteristics and dynamics over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using a multisensor approach combined with ground observations. Advance Meteorology
Giri, D., K. V. Murthy, and P. R. Adhikary (2008). The Influence of Meteorological Conditions on PM10 Concentrations in Kathmandu Valley. International Journal of Environmental Research, 2(1); 49-60
Hopke, P.K., D.D. Cohen, B.A. Begum, S.K. Biswas, G. G. Pandit, M. Santoso, Y. S. Chung, P. Davy, A. Markwitz, and S. Waheed (2008). Urban air quality in the Asia
Hossen, M.A. and Hoque, A., 2016. Variation of Ambient Air Quality Scenario in Chittagong City: A Case Study of Air Pollution. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 3(1); 10-16
Houghton JT, Jenkins GJ and Ephraums JJ (1990). Climate change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, p. 28
Huang, R.-J. et al. High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature 514, 218–222 (2014).
IRIN [online]. "Bangladesh: Air Pollution Choking Dhaka", available: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83772, accessed July 2009.
Islam, M.M., Afrin, S., Ahmed, T. and M. A. Ali. 2015. Meteorological and seasonal influences in ambient air quality parameters of Dhaka city. Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 43 (1): 67-77.
Kunzli N, Kaiser R, Medina S, Studnicka M, Chanel O, Filliger P, et al. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment. Lancet 2000;356 (2932):795–801
Kurt A, Oktay AB. Forecasting air pollutant indicator levels with geographic models 3 days in advance using neural networks. Expert Syst Appl 2010, 37: 7986–92
Legge AH and Krupa SV (1990). Acid Deposition: Sulphur and Nitrogen Oxide, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
M. A. Rouf, M. Nasiruddin, A. M. S. Hossain and M. S. Islam. Trend of ambient air quality in Chittagong City. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 287-296, 2012
Nam, E., Kishan, S., Baldauf, R. W. Fulper, C.R., Sabisch, M. and J. Warila. 2010. Temperature effects on particulate matter emissions from light-duty, gasoline-powder motor vehicles.
Plaia A, Ruggieri M (2011) Air quality indices: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol region. Sci. Total Environ. 204, 103.
Rouf MA, Hasib HH and Nasiruddin M (2008). Studies on smoke opacity of different type of diesel vehicle in Dhaka City. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4): 655-666
Rouf MA, Nasiruddin M, Hossain AMS and MS Islam. (2011). Trend of Particulate Matter PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Dhaka City. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(3): 389-398.
Salam A, Bauer H, Kassin K, Ullah SM and Puxbaum H (2003). Aerosol chemical characteristics of a mega-city in Southeast Asia (Dhaka, Bangladesh). Atmos. Environ., 37: 2517-28.
Shao Y (2008) Physics and modelling of wind erosion. Springer, Berlin
Srinivas J and Purushotham A V 2013. Determination of Air Quality Index Status in Industrial areas of Visakhapatnam, India; Res. J. Engineering Sci. Vol. 2(6) 13-24.
Van den Elshout S, Leger K, Fabio N. Comparing urban air quality in Europe in real time: a review of existing air quality indices and the proposal of a common alternative. Environ Int 2008; 34(5):720–6
World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Scientific Assessment of ozone depletion: 1998, WMO Rep. 44, Geneva, 1999.
Authors
Hoque, M. M. M. ., Khan, M. M. ., Sarker, M. E. ., Hossain, M. N., Islam, . M. S. ., Khan, M. M. H. ., Shil, M. ., & Sarker, M. N. I. . (2022). Assessment of Seasonal Variations of Air Quality and AQI Status: Evidence from Chittagong, Bangladesh. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 6(3), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2022.6.3.88-97
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