Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability

Evaluating the Performance of Sustainable Village Forest Management in Fakfak Regency Using MDS (Multidimensional Scaling)

Mutmainah Woretma, Didik Suharjito, Yudi Setiawan — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The social forestry program aims to provide access to community-based forest management. One of the social forestry schemes is the Village Forest. Fakfak Regency has 15 village forests that have received management licenses since 2018. However, there are various management obstacles. This research was conducted to analyze the sustainability status of 15 village forests in Fakfak Regency, to formulate appropriate management strategies. This study employed RapPForest analysis with the MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) method to evaluate the sustainability status of three dimensions and 22 attributes. Based on the analysis results, the ecological dimension has a very sustainable value (73.14), the economic dimension has a moderately sustainable status (50.01), and the social dimension is on a less sustainable index (45.79). In the ecological dimension, there are five village forests with a highly sustainable status; in the economic dimension, there are six village forests with a fairly sustainable status; in the social dimension, there are three village forests with a fairly sustainable status. The conclusion of this research is to develop recommendations for village forest management strategies that focus on achieving goals from the ecological, economic, and social dimensions.

Combination of Biochar and Polyurethane Media in a Series-Connected Filtration Column for Microplastic Removal and Effluent Toxicity Testing

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of microplastic removal using filtration media composed of coconut shell biochar and polyurethane sponge, as well as to assess the potential toxicity of the filtered water on feed consumption efficiency in Oreochromis niloticus and microplastic bioaccumulation by fish. The filtration system had a diameter of 10 cm, employed an upward flow configuration, and operated at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. Optimization was conducted using an artificial solution containing microplastics through two series-connected filtration columns with a media thickness of 40 cm. Toxicity tests on the filtered water were performed on Nile tilapia using feed efficiency and the fish’s bioaccumulation capacity of microplastics as parameters, with fish sized 4-5 cm. Results showed that the highest microplastic removal efficiency for the first and second filter averaged 79% and 93%, respectively. Toxicity tests based on feed efficiency showed favorable percentages in experiments using the effluent from the second series column filter compared to the first series, even though the fish feed efficiency of both water effluent decreased on day 14. The highest microplastic accumulation was observed in the digestive tract, followed by the fish gill and fish muscle, respectively. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value of microplastic in fish was less than 1, indicating a low level of bioaccumulation. This study demonstrates that the combination of coconut shell biochar and polyurethane sponge in two series of filtration has strong potential as an effective, economical, and accessible solution for microplastic filtration in water treatment.

Fuel Emission Projection of Indonesian Manufacturing Industry Towards Net Zero Emissions 2060

Annisa Ayu Fawzia, Emilya Nurjani, Rika Harini — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The growth of Indonesia’s manufacturing industry has the potential to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, this sector needs to become a key focus of emission control programs, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The limited research comparing the contributions of manufacturing subsectors to national GHG emissions motivated this study. This research aims to (i) estimate projected GHG emissions from fuel consumption across medium- and large-scale manufacturing subsectors in Indonesia from 2025 to 2060 and (ii) determine the energy matrix with the lowest-emission scenario approaching the NZE-2060. GHG emissions are projected using LEAP software under four scenarios: business as usual (BAU), emission reduction (ER), clean transition 1 (CT-1), and clean transition 2 (CT-2). The projection results show that GHG emissions in 2060 will reach 593,520.08 Gg CO2eq (BAU), 320,734.36 Gg CO2eq (ER), 125,835.03 Gg CO2eq (CT-1), and 72,834.14 Gg CO2eq (CT-2). The CT-2 scenario produces the lowest emissions closest to the NZE-2060 target, while the ER scenario represents the most realistic pathway considering Indonesia’s renewable energy potential, but has to be complemented by other decarbonization efforts such as CCU/CCS technologies and biomass certification to achieve NZE-2060.

MODFLOW-Based Evaluation of Mine Drainage and Environmental Risks in the Kulon Progo Iron Sand Mining Area

Andrawina, Luliana, Venty Lestari — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the hydrogeological characteristics and mine drainage challenges of the iron sand mining area along the southern coast of Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The region is characterized by a shallow unconfined aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity (10?²–10?³ m/s), a groundwater table depth of only 0.5–3.0 m below ground surface, and close proximity to the Indian Ocean, all of which strongly influence mine drainage design and dewatering requirements. Hydrological analysis using the Gumbel Type I distribution estimated a 3-year return period rainfall of 153.30 mm/day with a rainfall intensity of 53.71 mm/h based on 10 years of rainfall data, although the relatively short dataset remains a limitation for extreme-value prediction accuracy. The required mine dewatering capacity was calculated at 55 m³/s with a 95% confidence interval of ±5.8 m³/s, including approximately 10 m³/s contributed by groundwater seepage. Dewatering operations pose several environmental risks, including groundwater table drawdown of 1.5–3.0 m, potential seawater intrusion, elevated total suspended solids (TSS) in runoff reaching 2.0 mg/L, and disruption of surrounding mangrove ecosystems. To support sustainable mining operations, this study recommends implementing targeted dewatering strategies supported by MODFLOW hydrogeological modeling, establishing real-time groundwater monitoring systems, conducting progressive reclamation, and ensuring compliance with Government Regulation No. 22/2021 concerning environmental quality standards.

Combining Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems for Selection of Landfill Site Location: A Case Study of Ogan Ilir Regency, Indonesia

Dwi Vina Febrim, Idarwati, Mochammad Malik Ibrahim, Dede Nurohim — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Landfill site selection in Ogan Ilir Regency presents significant challenges due to escalating waste generation and the risks associated with improper landfill siting. This research identifies and maps environmentally suitable locations for landfill development in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia, through an integrated methodology that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing. Ten sub-criteria were established and categorized as physical, environmental, or socioeconomic, with each assigned a weight via pairwise comparison matrices. The resulting weighted spatial layers were analyzed using a weighted linear combination technique to produce comprehensive suitability models. The analysis classified the study area into three categories: less suitable (1.81%, 4,307.73 ha), moderately suitable (74.46%, 177,404.25 ha), and highly suitable (23.73%, 56,533.78 ha) for landfill development. The framework was validated using satellite imagery and adapted to local conditions, delivering a practical decision-support tool for regional planners and decision makers to promote effective and environmentally sustainable waste management strategies.

Performance of Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands (FWS-CWs) using Water Jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) in Removing COD and TDS from Domestic Wastewater

Mutiara Fajar, Dinda Yuliana Nola Ujung, Erlina Kurnianingtyas, Tarmizi Taher — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in domestic wastewater using water jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) in a free water surface constructed wetland (FWS-CW) system. We characterized the influent wastewater, assessed the acclimatization of E. palaefolius to undiluted domestic wastewater, and quantified the effects of plant density and observation time on COD and TDS removal. The experimental campaign comprised wastewater sampling, reactor fabrication, plant acclimatization, batch treatment, and analyses of COD and TDS. Removal efficiencies were computed and the data analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. The initial wastewater contained 275.88 mg/L COD and 286 ppm TDS. Echinodorus palaefolius adapted successfully to the wastewater and reached maximum removal efficiencies of 86.04% for COD and 12.41% for TDS in the 12-plant reactor on Day 12. The two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of plant density and observation time on both parameters (p < 0.05), and Tukey’s HSD indicated that the presence of E. palaefolius significantly improved TDS removal compared with the unplanted control, although differences among the 4-, 8-, and 12-plant reactors were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that even moderate plant densities are effective for reducing COD and TDS in tropical domestic wastewater treated with FWS-CWs.

Improved Environmental Management Performance in the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Production Process using a Life Cycle Assessment Approach

Mutiara Putri Ayu, Rizki Aziz; Taufiq Ihsan — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The palm oil production process at XYZ company, from the plantation subsystem, such as maintenance and harvesting, to processing in the mill, has the potential for significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions from the use of diesel fuel. This study aims to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of producing one ton of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) at XYZ company using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a cradle-to-gate approach. The CML-IA Baseline method was employed, focusing on three main impact categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP 100a), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). Primary data were collected directly from XYZ company through interviews, observations, and documentation, supported by relevant secondary data. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis quantified inputs such as fertilizers, diesel fuel, and electricity, as well as outputs in the form of liquid and solid waste. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results indicate that factory processing operations are the primary contributors to environmental impacts. The GWP 100a impact value was identified as 2×10? kg CO? eq./ton CPO, the AP value as 18.5 kg SO? eq./ton CPO, and the EP value as 7.8 kg PO? eq./ton CPO, with the most significant contributions coming from diesel fuel consumption and electricity use in the loading ramp process. Improvement recommendations focus on optimizing the replacement of diesel fuel with biodiesel to minimize the impact.

Gender-Inclusive Governance for Environmental Sustainability in Smallholder Coffee Systems: Evidence from the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia

Vellayati Hajad, Ikhsan Ikhsan, Hajar Ashwad, Herizal Herizal — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Smallholder coffee systems require effective governance to balance rural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. This study examines how gender exclusion shapes governance effectiveness and sustainability outcomes in the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia. Using qualitative interviews and policy analysis, it explores how institutional arrangements influence land management, climate resilience, and value chain dynamics. The findings reveal that fragmented regulations, weak coordination, and limited participation of women in land ownership, cooperative leadership, and decision-making processes undermine governance effectiveness and agroecosystem resilience. These conditions encourage short-term land-use strategies, reduce investment in soil conservation and agroforestry, and increase vulnerability to climate change. Women’s participation remains largely symbolic, limiting the integration of local ecological knowledge into governance processes. The study concludes that gender exclusion constitutes a key structural barrier to sustainable coffee systems. Improving sustainability therefore requires strengthening institutional coordination, expanding women’s access to resources and leadership, and embedding gender-responsive mechanisms within governance structures. It further recommends adopting gender-inclusive polycentric governance to enhance accountability, support adaptive decision-making, and improve environmental outcomes in smallholder coffee systems.

The Role of Institutional Support in Influencing Environmental Attitudes Through Environmental Awareness in the Palm Oil Processing Industry in West Sumatra

Candrianto Candrianto, Isra Mouludi, Ester Edwar, Mia Ayu Gusti — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Despite its strategic role in the Indonesian economy, the palm oil processing industry also has the potential to create significant environmental problems and is facing increasing pressure to adopt environmental practices due to sustainability concerns and regulatory demands. In this context, institutional support is considered crucial in shaping pro-environmental behaviour. However, empirical studies explaining how institutional support shapes environmental awareness and attitudes are still limited, particularly in the palm oil industry in developing regions. Furthermore, institutional support in developing countries, including Indonesia, remains diverse and has not yet fully supported sustainable practices at the organizational level. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential impact of institutional support on shaping environmental attitudes through environmental awareness, thus providing managerial implications for palm oil industry managers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study uses organizational level analysis, with data obtained from managers as a representation of the organization collected through a survey of 112 managers working in palm oil processing companies in West Sumatra using purposive sampling and analysed using variance-based structural equation modelling. The results of the study indicate that institutional support has a significant positive effect on environmental awareness (? = 0.666, t = 13.079, p < 0.000) and environmental attitudes (? = 0.573, t = 10.475, p < 0.000). Environmental awareness also has a significant positive effect on environmental attitudes (? = 0.716, t = 8.184, p < 0.000), and environmental awareness partially mediates the relationship between institutional support and environmental attitudes (? = 0.532, t = 9.512, p < 0.00). Based on these findings, it is important to strengthen environmental governance through regulations as a reflection of institutional support. Therefore, policymakers and industry stakeholders are encouraged to strengthen institutional systems to accelerate the process of change towards environmentally friendly practices.

Community Perceptions of Human-Long-Tailed Macaque Interactions in Fragmented Urban Landscapes of Palembang

Andika Imanullah, Wanda Kuswanda, Mukhlisi, Tri Atmoko, Indra Yustian — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Urban habitat fragmentation promotes interactions between humans and long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), creating social–ecological challenges for wildlife coexistence. Understanding community perceptions is essential for developing coexistence strategies where human activities and wildlife habitats overlap. This study evaluated community perceptions of long-tailed macaques in two fragmented landscapes, TWA Punti Kayu and Bagus Kuning, Palembang, Indonesia. A structured questionnaire was administered to 144 respondents and assessed five perception dimensions: Knowledge, Perceived Disruption Impact, Interaction Intensity, Perceived Security Risk, and Expectation for a Solution. Perception indices were calculated, while differences between locations were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and relationships between perception variables and ordinal sociodemographic characteristics (age and educational level) were examined using Spearman rank correlation, whereas gender and occupation were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests, respectively. Results indicated positive perceptions, with all dimensions classified as high to very high in both locations. Perceived Security Risk was the only dimension differing significantly between locations (p = 0.050), whereas Knowledge, Perceived Disruption Impact, Interaction Intensity, and Expectation for a Solution showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed weak associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perception variables, suggesting demographic factors played a limited role in shaping community responses. Instead, shared environmental experiences and interaction contexts appeared to exert greater influence on public perceptions. This study contributes to human-wildlife coexistence literature by integrating social and ecological perspectives. Findings demonstrate that coexistence outcomes are shaped by broader social-ecological conditions associated with habitat fragmentation and human activity patterns. Results emphasize site-specific management, including education, feeding regulation, waste management, community engagement, and urban biodiversity planning, to support sustainable human–macaque coexistence.