Utilization of Hydroxyapatite from Quail Eggshells as an Adsorbent for Lead Metal Ions Pb(II)
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Keywords:
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Hydroxyapatite, Adsorption, Quail Eggshell, Lead Metal Pb(II)
Abstract
Lead is a toxic metal known for its harmful effects, even in minor quantities, because it does not break down naturally and can therefore pollute ecosystems. This research involved the creation of hydroxyapatite using quail egg shell through a sol-gel method, which served as a medium for capturing Pb ions in a batch process by assessing different parameters. The created material was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm its crystal form, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to analyze its surface, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and morphology to determine the functional units that were present. Sorption tests were performed under various scenarios, encompassing different pH levels, the initial Pb ion concentration, and time of contact, with the outcome evaluated through atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results demonstrated that the optimal conditions for Pb ion uptake were observed at a concentration of 800 mg/L with 0.1 g of absorbent as well as a contact time of 60 minutes, achieving a lead ion removal rate of 71.48%. The sorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, while the sorption kinetics fit the pseudo-order two model, indicating a monolayer sorption mechanism on a uniform surface. These outcomes suggest hydroxyapatite derived from quail eggshells is a promising eco-friendly material for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions.
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Wibiyan, S., I. Royani, N. Ahmad, and A. Lesbani (2024). Assessing the Efficiency, Selectivity, and Reusability of ZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxide and Eucheuma cottonii Composite in Removing Anionic Dyes from Wastewater. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 170; 113347
Xu, Y., H. Tang, P. Wu, M. Chen, Z. Shang, J. Wu, and N. Zhu (2023). Manganese-Doped Hydroxyapatite as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II). Chemosphere, 321; 138123
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Zein, R., D. Deswati, S. Fauzia, and N. F. Pisya (2024). Comparative Study of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) Removal Using Cassava peel (Manihot Esculenta Crantz). International Journal of Phytoremediation, 26(13); 2074–2083
Zeng, R., W. Tang, X. Liu, C. Ding, and D. Gong (2018). Adsorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Si-Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Prepared from Egg-Shell: Kinetics, Isotherms and Mechanism Studies. Desalination and Water Treatment, 116; 137–147
Zhou, C., Q. Zhou, Y. Yu, and S. Ge (2023). Spongy Magnetic Hydroxyapatite for the Enhanced Pb²? Removal and Its Dynamic Sorption Mechanism. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(4); 110213
Al-Maliky, E. A., H. A. Gzar, and M. G. Al-Azawy (2021). Determination of Point of Zero Charge (PZC) of Concrete Particle Adsorbents. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1184(1); 012004
Ali, R. M., H. A. Hamad, M. M. Hussein, and G. F. Malash (2016). The Potential of Using Green Adsorbent of Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamic, Mechanism, and Economic Analysis. Ecological Engineering, 91; 317–332
Alif, M. F., W. Aprillia, and S. Arief (2018). Peat Water Purification by Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Synthesized from Waste Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) Shells. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 299(1); 012002
Alif, M. F., R. A. Fitria, S. Arief, S. Triandini, M. Manawan, P. Purnama, and R. Goei (2024). Peat Water Purification Using Nanohydroxyapatite Synthesized from Carbon Negative Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Precursor. Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment, 6(December 2023); 100105
Amenaghawon, A. N., C. L. Anyalewechi, H. Darmokoesoemo, and H. Septya (2022). Hydroxyapatite-Based Adsorbents: Applications in Sequestering Heavy Metals and Dyes. Journal of Environmental Management, 302; 113989
Bilal, M., J. Ali, M. Umar, S. B. Khan, A. Shaheen, N. Hussain, R. Jahan, K. Malook, M. Qayum, K. Akhtar, and E. M. Bakhsh (2024). Ecofriendly Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Application Toward Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II). Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 101(8); 101175
Chaidir, Z., R. Zein, Q. Hasanah, H. Nurdin, and H. Aziz (2015). Absorption of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) Metals in Aqueous Solution Using Mangosteen Rind (Pithecellobium Jirga (Jack) Prain). J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 7(8); 948–956
dos Santos Horta, M. K., F. J. Moura, M. S. Aguilar, C. B. Westin, J. B. de Campos, S. B. Peripolli, V. S. Ramos, M. I. Navarro, and B. S. Archanjo (2020). Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite from Hen’s Eggshells Using Sucrose as a Template. Materials Research, 23(6); 1–9
Hassan, A. F., G. A. El-Naggar, A. G. Braish, M. F. Amira, and L. M. Alshandoudi (2020). Enhanced Adsorption of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Medium by Basic Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Based on Eggshell. Desalination and Water Treatment, 206; 235–249
Iconaru, S. L., M. Motelica-Heino, R. Guegan, M. Beuran, A. Costescu, and D. Predoi (2018). Adsorption of Pb (II) Ions onto Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders in Aqueous Solutions. Materials, 11(11)
Jaihan, W., V. Mohdee, S. Sanongraj, U. Pancharoen, and K. Nootong (2022). Biosorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Cellulose-Based Bio-Adsorbents Prepared from Unripe Papaya (Carica Papaya) Peel Waste: Removal Efficiency, Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Isotherm Analysis. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(7); 103883
Kotnala, S., B. Bhushan, and A. Nayak (2024). Hydroxyapatite@Cellulose@nZVI Composite: Fabrication and Adsorptive Removal of Doxycycline, Cr(VI) and As(III) from Wastewater. Chemical Engineering Science, 288(October 2023); 119796
Li, X., Y. Cui, W. Du, W. Cui, L. Huo, and H. Liu (2024). Adsorption Kinetics and Mechanism of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Adsorption in Water Through Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 14(5)
Putra, A., S. Fauzia, D. Deswati, S. Arief, and R. Zein (2024). The Potential of Duck Egg White as a Modifier for Activated Rice Straw to Enhance Cr(VI) Ions Adsorption in an Aqueous Solution. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 48(February 2023); 204–213
Putri, B. I., F. S. Arsyad, and A. Lesbani (2024). Hydrothermal Carbonization of Eucheuma cottonii for Selective Adsorption of Anionic Dyes. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 8(4); 154–165
Ramadhani, P., Z. Chaidir, T. Zilfa, Z. B. Tomi, D. Rahmiarti, and R. Zein (2020). Shrimp Shell (Metapenaeus Monoceros) Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Metal Yellow Dye Removal in an Aqueous Solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, 197; 413–423
Trakoolwannachai, V., P. Kheolamai, and S. Ummartyotin (2019). Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Eggshell Waste and Polycaprolactone (PCL) Composite for Scaffold Material. Composites Part B: Engineering, 173; 106974
Vinayagam, R., S. Kandati, G. Murugesan, L. C. Goveas, A. Baliga, S. Pai, T. Varadavenkatesan, K. Kaviyarasu, and R. Selvaraj (2023). Bioinspiration Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Using Eggshells as a Calcium Source: Evaluation of Congo Red Dye Adsorption Potential. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 22; 169–180
Wang, Y. Y., Y. X. Liu, H. H. Lu, R. Q. Yang, and S. M. Yang (2018). Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Ions onto Hydroxyapatite-Biochar Nanocomposite in Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 261; 53–61
Wibiyan, S., I. Royani, N. Ahmad, and A. Lesbani (2024). Assessing the Efficiency, Selectivity, and Reusability of ZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxide and Eucheuma cottonii Composite in Removing Anionic Dyes from Wastewater. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 170; 113347
Xu, Y., H. Tang, P. Wu, M. Chen, Z. Shang, J. Wu, and N. Zhu (2023). Manganese-Doped Hydroxyapatite as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II). Chemosphere, 321; 138123
Yan, Y., X. Dong, X. Sun, X. Sun, J. Li, J. Shen, W. Han, X. Liu, and L. Wang (2014). Conversion of Waste FGD Gypsum into Hydroxyapatite for Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from Wastewater. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 429; 68–76
Zein, R., D. Deswati, S. Fauzia, and N. F. Pisya (2024). Comparative Study of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) Removal Using Cassava peel (Manihot Esculenta Crantz). International Journal of Phytoremediation, 26(13); 2074–2083
Zeng, R., W. Tang, X. Liu, C. Ding, and D. Gong (2018). Adsorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Si-Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Prepared from Egg-Shell: Kinetics, Isotherms and Mechanism Studies. Desalination and Water Treatment, 116; 137–147
Zhou, C., Q. Zhou, Y. Yu, and S. Ge (2023). Spongy Magnetic Hydroxyapatite for the Enhanced Pb²? Removal and Its Dynamic Sorption Mechanism. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(4); 110213
Authors
Alif, M. F., Darajat, S., & Azizah, S. (2025). Utilization of Hydroxyapatite from Quail Eggshells as an Adsorbent for Lead Metal Ions Pb(II). Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 9(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2025.9.1.20-27
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