Community Involvement and the Use of Coffee Exocarp as a Growth Medium for Cajuput Plantation in Post-Mining Land Reclamation in PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA)
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Keywords:
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Community Involvement, Coffee Exocarp, Growth Medium
Abstract
The cajuput plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) is valued for its essential oil production and its ability to thrive in challenging environments, including post-mining lands. PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) has cultivated this plant extensively to supply seeds for reclamation projects on former mine sites, along with the provision of location-specific fertilizers. This study aims to identify the new alternative organic materials, determining the optimal formula for plant growth media and also to measure the tangible and intangible impacts of the community involvement. Following the implementation of statistical testing involving the analysis of variance model (ANOVA) and subsequent test, which is the least significant difference (LSD) test, definitive findings reveal that incorporating coffee exocarp as a growth medium significantly impacts the elevation of plant height and the augmentation of Cajuput leaf count. The most efficacious treatment is delineated as P2, characterized by a 1:1 composition of coffee exocarp and soil. The involvement of the local community has precipitated several advantageous outcomes, encompassing the creation of employment opportunities, the facilitation of economic equilibrium, and the development of smallholder forestry enterprises within the local community.
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Shinde, V., K. Tiwari, M. Singh, and S. Rajendiran (2017). Restoration of Soil in Mine-affected Area for Enhanced Crop Production using Diverse Fertilizer Treatments. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 65(1); 62–71
Speight, J. G. (2015). Handbook of Coal Analysis. John Wiley & Sons
Suryanto, P., E. Putra, T. Alam, et al. (2017). Minimum Soil Quality Determinant for Rice and Cajuput Yield under Hilly Areas. Journal of Agronomy, 16(3); 115–123
Tarigan, P. L., T. Tohari, and P. Suryanto (2019). Physiological Response of Upland Rice Varieties to Furrow with Organic Matter on Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.). Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 34(2); 223–231
Willson, T. C., E. A. Paul, and R. R. Harwood (2001). Biologically Active Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Sustainable Cropping Systems. Applied Soil Ecology, 16(1); 63–76
Baver, L. (1972). Soil Physics. New York: Wiley Eastern Limited
Budiadi and H. Ishii (2010). Comparison of Carbon Sequestration between Multiple-Crop, Single-Crop and Monoculture Agroforestry Systems of Melaleuca in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 22(4); 378–388
Buta, M., G. Blaga, L. Paulette, I. Pacurar, S. Sorca, O. Borsai, F. Grecu, P. Sinziana, and C. Negrusier (2019). Soil Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Lands by Reclamation in Northwestern Part of Transylvania: A40-year Retrospective Study. Sustainability, 11(12); 3393
Cardinael, R., T. Chevallier, A. Cambou, C. B´eral, B. G. Barth`es, C. Dupraz, C. Durand, E. Kouakoua, and C. Chenu (2017). Increased Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Agroforestry: A Survey of Six Different Sites in France. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 236; 243–255
Carmen, M. T., Z. C. Lorena, V. A. Alexander, V. Amandio, and S. Ra´ul (2020). Coffee Pulp: An Industrial By Product with Uses in Agriculture, Nutrition and Biotechnology. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 8; 323–342
Corporate-Secretary (2022). Sustainability Report. Jakarta: PT Bukit Asam Tbk (in Indonesia)
De Neve, S., S. G. S´aez, B. C. Daguilar, S. Sleutel, and G. Hofman (2004). Manipulating N Mineralization from High N Crop Residues Using On-and Off-Farm Organic Materials. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36(1); 127–134
Fatmawati, U., D. P. Sari, M. Indrowati, S. Santosa, S. M. Wiraswati, and H. Harlita (2022). Utilization of Coffee Pulp Waste Composted with Cellulolytic Actinomycetes to Enhance Chili Plant Growth. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 7(2); 69274
Hagen-Thorn, A., I. Varnagiryte, B. Nihlg?ard, and K. Armolaitis (2006). Autumn Nutrient Resorption and Losses in Four Deciduous Forest Tree Species. Forest Ecology and Management, 228(1-3); 33–39
Hartini (2011). Mengolah Limbah Kulit Kopi menjadi Kompos. Bogor: IPB Press (in Indonesia)
Henriksen, T. and T. Breland (1999). Nitrogen Availability Effects on Carbon Mineralization, Fungal and Bacterial Growth, and Enzyme Activities during Decomposition of Wheat Straw in Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(8); 1121–1134
Husodo, T., I. Wulandari, O. S. Abdoellah, M. F. Cahyandito, and S. S. Shanida (2021). Impact of Agricultural Land Changes on Farmers’ Income in Cirasea Watershed, Bandung Regency, West Java. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 5(3); 95–104
Kaur, R., M. Sharma, and S. Puri (2017). Impact of Tree Management on the Growth and Production Behaviour of Zea Mays under an Agroforestry System in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Imperial Journal of Interdiscipline Research, 3(2); 502–510
Kodir, A., D. M. Hartono, and I. Mansur (2016). Cajuput in Ex-Coal Mining Land to Support Sustainable Development. Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 5(9); 2278–0181
Mensah, A. K. (2015). Role of Revegetation in Restoring Fertility of Degraded Mined Soils in Ghana: A Review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 7(2); 57–80
Mohd, S. N., N. M. Majid, N. A. M. Shazili, and A. Abdu (2013). Assessment of Melaleuca Cajuputi As Heavy Metals Phytoremediator for Sewage Sludge Contaminated Soil. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(9); 1087–1092
Murtinah, V. and L. L. Komara (2021). Soil Physical Properties Development in Post-Coal Mining Rehabilitation Area in East Kutai District, East Kalimantan Indonesia. In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Atlantis Press, pages 397–402
Oliveira, L. S. and A. S. Franca (2015). An Overview of the Potential Uses for Coffee Husks. Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention; 283–291
Prayitno, T. A. and J. P. G. a. Sutapa (2013). Biomass Distribution of Cajuput Stand in Central Kalimantan Swamp Forest. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 19(1); 1–10
Rondon, M. A., J. Lehmann, J. Ram´?rez, and M. Hurtado (2007). Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Increases with Bio-Char Additions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43(6); 699–708
Senthilkumar P., . P. S., Nageswari K. (2015). Management of Citrus Nematode, Tylenchulus Semipenetrans in Mandarin Orange at Shevaroy Region Using Coffee Pulp Waste. Pestology, 39(11); 35–38
Shinde, V., K. Tiwari, M. Singh, and S. Rajendiran (2017). Restoration of Soil in Mine-affected Area for Enhanced Crop Production using Diverse Fertilizer Treatments. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 65(1); 62–71
Speight, J. G. (2015). Handbook of Coal Analysis. John Wiley & Sons
Suryanto, P., E. Putra, T. Alam, et al. (2017). Minimum Soil Quality Determinant for Rice and Cajuput Yield under Hilly Areas. Journal of Agronomy, 16(3); 115–123
Tarigan, P. L., T. Tohari, and P. Suryanto (2019). Physiological Response of Upland Rice Varieties to Furrow with Organic Matter on Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.). Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 34(2); 223–231
Willson, T. C., E. A. Paul, and R. R. Harwood (2001). Biologically Active Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Sustainable Cropping Systems. Applied Soil Ecology, 16(1); 63–76
Authors
Putra, T. A., Amin Rejo, & Yuanita Windusari. (2024). Community Involvement and the Use of Coffee Exocarp as a Growth Medium for Cajuput Plantation in Post-Mining Land Reclamation in PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA). Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 8(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.1-6
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